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A shared platform for building small, good, lasting green public spaces in the city.

we!park is the common ground that brings people and partners together to design, create, and figure out how to look after small green public spaces, spreading them across the crowded heart of Bangkok so they're done well and built to last. We work from real knowledge and data: gathering what's needed to support research on design and development, building up what we know, and sharing it widely so more people understand what green public space is really about. And we turn what we learn into policy proposals for the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration and other agencies, so the work keeps moving forward.

Filling the big city
with small spaces

Why small green public spaces? Because inner Bangkok is packed with buildings, wall to wall, with almost no room left for a big park, and the ones that exist are often a long trip away. The city's small leftover spaces, though, are everywhere: under the expressway, in front of a building, a plot waiting to be developed. These matter. Any of them can be opened up and turned into green public space, somewhere for body and mind, for resting, for people to gather, for a bit of nature, shaped around what the people and the place around it actually need, and close enough that everyone can walk there from home.

What is green public space, exactly? And where does Bangkok actually stand today, is it what we think it is? The we!park network has done the research, set out what the words mean, and dug into the data for inner Bangkok, so everyone can understand why this matters and where things really are before we push the work forward in a way that fits the truth of the city.

Access to green public space (%)
within a 400 m radius

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Green public space
per person

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Green public space
as a share of the city

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  • Green public space
  • Area with access to green public space within a 400 m radius
  • From the Phase 1 study of the project (2021) only.
    This does not reflect the data in Green Finder, which uses current data from mapmap, an open database of green public space, currently being updated to the present day as a joint effort between the BMA and partner networks. (https://studio.mapmap.city)
  • Green public space data: 2021, screened from Bangkok's green space database and monitoring and evaluation system. Tree canopy data: 2016. Population data: 2019, Department of Provincial Administration. See details under The situation
  • 2020 satellite imagery by Maxar through Mapbox
  • Image comparison adapted from JuxtaposeJS

Definitions

Not every green space is public. Let's get clear on what "green area" and "public space" actually mean, so we can measure them the same way the rest of the world does.

Green public space

Green space the public can use, or that the public can enter freely, with a meaningful amount of plant cover, meant as a place for people to come together and to build a healthier, lasting environment.

The "parks" we all know are one kind of green public space, but it also covers land owned by the state, a company, a legal entity, or anyone at all who "opens" their green space for the public to use freely. That brings a double benefit to the city: socially, as public space, and environmentally, as green area that cleans the air.

Green Area Public Space

How we measure green public space in the city

These are the main yardsticks cities around the world use to size up how much green public space they have. Of course, there's still plenty of work to do on measuring the quality of a space, how easy it really is to reach, and the policy and support behind it, so that "everyone" can get to it and use it in the ways they need.

Access to Green Public Space
%
Green Public Space per Capita
sq m/person
Urban Tree Canopy
%

The situation

So how does green public space actually stand in each of inner Bangkok's districts? Explore the data, then turn what you see into a plan and a push, by trying out a target and seeing what it would take to get there, with a few simple tools.

What would you like our Bangkok to be? Pick a target you'd like to see. Go with Green Bangkok 2030, the BMA's drive to turn Bangkok into a green city, which we!park is one of the partners helping move forward. Or follow the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Or match a city that's already there. Or just set it however you like.


Access to green public space (%)
within a 400 m radius %

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Access still needed %

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Green public space
per person sq m/person

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as a share of the city %

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Area still needed sq m

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Tree canopy
as a share of the city %

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Trees to plant trees

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Calculated at 10 sq m per tree
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  • From the Phase 1 study of the project (2021). The analysis method has since been revised, and the data is being updated to the present day as a joint effort between the BMA and partner networks, through the open green public space database at mapmap.
  • In this data visualization, each value fills the district's real shape by area (like water in a glass), not by the height of the shape. The scale caps at 100% and at 20 sq m per person.
  • The target area is inner Bangkok, the very high-density residential land (the brown zones) under the BMA Land Use Plan of 2013, plus the districts next to them: 22 in all. They are Phra Nakhon, Dusit, Bang Rak, Pathum Wan, Pom Prap Sattru Phai, Yan Nawa, Samphanthawong, Phaya Thai, Thon Buri, Bangkok Yai, Huai Khwang, Khlong San, Bangkok Noi, Bang Phlat, Din Daeng, Sathon, Bang Sue, Chatuchak, Bang Kho Laem, Khlong Toei, Ratchathewi, and Watthana.
  • Green public space data: screened by land type, site name, and owner name, and checked against database imagery and Google Street View to fit the definition. Source: the BMA's green space database and monitoring system, revised 23 January 2021, by the Public Parks Office, the Environment Department, and the Strategy and Evaluation Department.
  • Tree canopy data: from analysing 40 cm per pixel satellite imagery (2016) with machine learning, with an accuracy (mIoU, mean Intersection over Union) of 78.6% when the processed result is compared against reference areas. A collaboration between the Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency, a public organisation (GISTDA), and mor and farmer Co., Ltd. Satellite imagery from the Department of City Planning and Urban Development, BMA.
  • Population data: from the age-banded population statistics (2019), Department of Provincial Administration.
  • Province and district boundaries of Bangkok: from sub-district (khwaeng/tambon) administrative boundary data (2019), by Esri.
  • Singapore green public space data: from Parks and Open Space and the Park Connector Network (2017), by Data.gov.sg. San Francisco: 2021, by The Trust for Public Land.

Participation
Professionals Civil society Academia Government Private sector

Developing together, sharing resources, knowledge, and skills, all of us helping fill in the green public space the city needs and making it good and lasting.

Governments, here and in developed countries alike, can no longer fix a city's problems on their own. The problems of a modern city are too tangled for that. So many cities now treat participation as a core strategy: bringing people from every part of society into the planning, the decisions, and the work, sharing the information, the goals, and the policies, so that green public space becomes part of a city that's good to live in for everyone, and so people feel a shared sense of responsibility and ownership over it.

Beyond thinking, planning, designing, and building, we care just as much about finding ways to manage and care for a space together, so it stays in use and stays good for the long run.

Supporting participation at every stage of making a space, across every group in the city.

Find a space together, think together, build together, invest together, care for and manage it together

Hover over or tap a space
Swipe left or right on small screens
! ! ! !

Opportunity spaces

So in a crowded city like Bangkok, how do we add green public space together and make the place nicer to live in?

Hover over or tap an empty space
Swipe left or right on small screens

Under the expressway, in front of a building, between buildings, car parks, lanes, alleys, side streets, or something made new from scratch: the opportunity spaces are always there. If there's no big plot, we can find the small ones and open them up as green public space. Small spaces, spread across the whole city, also mean everyone gets fair access.

Come and help map the opportunity spaces, and we!park and our partners will work with you to find their potential and a way to turn them into green public space for everyone. Or if you'd like to get involved, follow along or reach out using the details below.


Research

The we!park project: developing prototypes through participation and creating a design guideline for small, good, lasting green public spaces

Research on turning small empty plots into green public space through participation from every sector. It starts by reviewing the relevant ideas and theory, studies prototype sites in Thailand and abroad, and analyses where Bangkok's green space stands today. From there it puts participatory design to the test on four real sites, gathering data along the way to draw conclusions and shape the approach for the future. Download


Guideline: turning empty plots into small, good, lasting green public space (Small Green Public Space)

A guide that gathers the stories of small green public spaces, covering both the green side and the participatory side of development, so a space becomes truly public. It walks through each step in detail, with examples of public spaces from Thailand and abroad woven in. The last part covers how to assess a space and set up a structure to keep it moving, something anyone can try out. Download


Data and Indicators in Green Public Space Development (Version 1)

A volume on data and indicators. It pulls together the study of data relevant to developing green public space and turns it into indicators: a tool for understanding where the city's green public space stands, spotting the urgent places that need more of it, setting criteria for judging the quality of a space, and measuring the difference green public space makes at the city scale. Worked examples of analysis and assessment are included at the end. Download